Monday, September 30, 2019
Influence of Information systems Essay
This research investigates the influence of Information system at Human Resource and what are their impacts on organizational performance. Organizations are moving faster towards the Information Technology and adapt more and more advancements of Information Technologies. In today’s context none of the organization can survive without Information technology. Every organization has developed or either purchased information systems to support their business functionalities in order to face the competitive advantages. Most of the organizations are investing on Information Systems, thinking that it would help to increase the performance of their organization. Will the Information system can alone increase the performance of the organization? What impact has this on Human Resource of the Organization? These are questions that today’s Organization having today. Even though the Organizations is implemented the advance information system purchased or developed in-house supports â€Å"Without a doubt, advancement in technology has had a huge impact on organizations across the globe over the last few decades. It has impacted a range of sectors of the economy on diverse levels chiefly in the financial, educational entertainment, direct sales retailing, and healthcare and information sectors. By and large, its impact is evident on any activity that relies heavily on communication and information flow, lowering the cost of communication†– Child (2009). With the rapid development of the technology, advancement of the information systems should be upgraded. Is the advancement of technology applied or used by the organization is another question. Will these information system satisfied users requirements or are they being underutilized should be the major concern. How far these information system supports and helpful to the internal employees should address thoroughly in order to learn how effective these technologies are using in the current situation. As many of the organization Commercial Credit and Finance PLC is looking forward to survive in the rapidly changing economic system while competing with other giants in the industry. IT is becoming the most vital role for the organization and its a must reason to have a good Information System which will have pos itive impact towards its human resource. IT alone cannot drive a business a success. Human Resource is also equally important as IS in gaining competitive advantage. Employees expecting to grow team work, quality of their work and fulfillment of the life for a better establishment in the work place. â€Å"Shifting demographic patterns, the pace of technological change, and the path of economic globalization  will evolve over the next 10-15 years. Then, they consider the implications of these trends for key aspects of the future workforce and workplace, including the size, composition, and skills of the workforce; the nature of work and workplace arrangements; and worker compensation†– Lynn Karoly and Constantijn Panis (2004) According to the Central Bank of Sri Lanka Annual report of 2012 (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2013), there are sixty non-banking finance companies operating in a fiercely competitive environment. All these companies are working on a 646 billion rupee cumulative asset base that is left behind by the government and private Banks. This highly competitive environment has brought about a sense of dynamism to the industry where organizations such as the one being assessed are either perpetrators or victims of replication or imitation. In this sense firms must constantly renew their products, skills and capabilities. Instead of doing this in a haphazard manner resulting in being a follower it is important for firms in such a competitive arena to look at innovation and the capabilities it requires in a structured way that would earn its due rents. In this age of portability and technology driven market place, these financial organizations depend heavily on their shared information technology departments to deliver value through pointing in the right direction. On the other end is an IT department that is more inclined to do the daily firefighting and has exhausted its resources by simply sticking to day to day activities. There is a standoff between senior management trying to make sense of IT investments in the form of new innovations to help keep up with its competitors and the information technology departments who don’t see themselves as drivers of innovation but back office functions. The research site concerned has seen tremendous growth and success in the industry within the past thr ee years with a net profit rise of fifteen fold (Commercial Credit & Finance PLC, 2013). Unfortunately in keeping with this momentum the firm has faced its share of difficulties with IT related innovations where budget overruns and high time to market has severely affected the firm’s performance in some aspects. Research Objectives 1. To identify how effective the firm is in using information system 2. To identify how information systems affects firms performance 3. Explore the impact of the information systems on human resource of the company 4. To identify impact of human resource for Organization Performance
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Steady State Theory and Pulsating Theory
In cosmology, the Steady State theory (also known as the Infinite Universe theory or continuous creation) is a model developed in 1948 by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, Hermann Bondi and others as an alternative to the Big Bang theory (known, usually, as the standard cosmological model). In steady state views, new matter is continuously created as the universe expands, so that the perfect cosmological principle is adhered to.Theoretical calculations showed that a static universe was impossible under general relativity, and observations by Edwin Hubble had shown that the universe was expanding. The steady state theory asserts that although the universe is expanding, it nevertheless does not change its appearance over time (the perfect cosmological principle); it has no beginning and no end. The theory requires that new matter must be continuously created (mostly as hydrogen) to keep the average density of matter equal over time.The amount required is low and not directly detectable: roughly one solar mass of baryons per cubic megaparsec per year or roughly one hydrogen atom per cubic meter per billion years, with roughly five times as much dark matter. Such a creation rate, however, would cause observable effects on cosmological scales. Dust-Cloud Theory. Between 1940 and 1955 the German astronomer Carl f. von Weizsaccker, the Dutch-American astronomer Gerald P. Kuiper and the U. S. chemist Harold C.Urey worked out a theory that attempted to account for all the characteristics of the solar system that need to be explained. According to their dust-cloud theory, the solar system was formed from a slowly rotating cloud of dust and gas that contracted and started to rotate faster in its outer parts, where eddies formed. These eddies were small near the center of the cloud and larger at greater distances from the center. The distances corresponded more or less to the Titius-Bode relation.As the clouds cooled, materials coagulated near the edges of the eddies and eventually formed planets and asteroids, all moving in the same direction. The slowly rotating central part of the cloud condensed and formed the sun, and the sun's central temperature rose as gravity further compressed the material. When nuclear reactions eventually began in the suns interior, about 5 billion years ago, much of the nearby gas was blown away by the pressure of the sun's emitted light.Nevertheless the earthy retained an atmosphere consisting of methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and nitrogen, with perhaps some hydrogen. In this primitive atmosphere and in the seas below it, organic compounds were formed that eventually resulted in living organisms. The organisms evolved in the next 2 billion years into higher plants and animals, and photosynthesis by plants and the weathering of rock produced the oxygen in the earth's atmosphere.Although free gases near the sun were blown outward 4 to 5 billion years ago, according to the dust-cloud theory, the giant planets were too distant to be much affected. They are large, therefore, and contain a great amount of hydrogen. The comets, in turn, are thought to be the outer part of the primordial nebula, left behind as the inner part condensed to form the sun and the planets. The Dutch astronomer J. H. Oort speculated that this material condensed into chunks that continue to move along with the sun through space.Now and then a chunk is perturbed and falls slowly toward the sun. As it is heated by sunlight, it grows a coma and tail. The dust-cloud theory thus explains the solar system characteristics listed above. It is most weak in detailing the process whereby the planets and asteroids formed from solids that made up only a small percent of the primordial nebula. However, this is essentially a chemical problem, strongly dependent on the sequence or timing of events such as eddy formation, temperature changes, and the start of solar luminosity. Pulsating Theory: According to this theory, the universe is su pposed to be expanding and contracting alternately i. e. pulsating. At present, the universe is Expanding. According to pulsating theory, it is possible that at a certain time, the expansion of the universe may be stopped by the gravitational pull and the may contract again. After it has been contracted to a certain size, explosion again occurs and the universe will start expanding. The alternate expansion and contraction of the universe give rise to pulsating universe.
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Accounting Theory Of Mavis Ltd
Allocated fixed overhead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 8.00 Total unit of subassembly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30.00 8.Why is the distinction between relevant and non-relevant costs so important for Decision making in Cost and Management Accounting?       9.Equipment to be used in producing the order has a book value of $2,000. The equipment has no other use for Lansing Company. If the order is not accepted, the equipment will be sold for $1,500. If the equipment is used in producing the order, it can be sold in three months for $800. 10.If the special order is accepted, the operations will require some of the storage space in the company’s plant. If the space is used for this purpose, the company will rent storage space temporarily in a nearby warehouse at a cost of $18,000. The building depreciation allocated to the storage space to be used in producing the special order is $12,000. (1.5 marks) 11.If the special order is accepted, it will require a Subassembly. Lansing Camera can purchase the subassembly for $24.00 per unit from an outside supplier or make it for $30.00 per unit. The 330.00 per unit was determined as follows: Allocated fixed overhead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 8.00 Total unit of subassembly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30.00 12.Why is the distinction between relevant and non-relevant costs so important for decision making in Cost and Management Accounting? 13.Equipment to be used in producing the order has a book value of $2,000. The equipment has no other use for Lansing Company. If the order is not accepted, the equipment will be sold for $1,500. If the equipment is used in producing the order, it can be sold in three months for $800. 14.If the special order is accepted, the operations will require some of the Storage Space in the Company’s plant. If the space is used for this purpose, the Company will rent storage space temporarily in a nearby warehouse at a cost of $18,000. The building depreciation allocated to the storage space to be used in producing the special order is $12,000. 15.If the special order is accepted, it will require a subassembly. Lansing Camera can purchase the subassembly for $24.00 per unit from an outside supplier or make it for $30.00 per unit. The 330.00 per unit was determined as follows: Allocated fixed overhead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 8.00 Total unit of subassembly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30.00                                           16.Why is the distinction between relevant and non-relevant Costs so important for decision making in cost and Management Accounting? 1.Computation of budgeted factory overhead rate for Department Alpha. Budgeted Factory Overhead Rate ($225,000/$180,000)  2.Computation of budgeted factory overhead rate for Department Bet Budgeted Factory Overhead Rate ($180,000/40,000) The total overhead cost of Job 100 is Rs. 78,250/- WN-1: Calculation of factory overhead: 4.It is possible to have different overhead allocation rates. The possible reasons for using different allocation rate by Mavis Ltd. could be to split overhead costs in most appropriate and justifiable manner by using different cost pools. As this approach results in more fine-tuned allocations and costing. As in the above case, department alpha is using direct labour cost for allocation of factory overhead because it could be a labour intensive department and most of the tasks are done by labour. So, using labour cost as allocation rate is more appropriate. Whereas, the department beta could be machine intensive department, an The relevance of each of the following items in computation of the costs of the special order is as follows: 5.The book value of equipment to be used in producing the order of $2,000 is a sunk cost and therefore it is irrelevant for the decision. The relevant cost of the equipment is $ 700, i.e. $1,500 (sale value of equipment now, if the order is not accepted) Less $800 (sale value of equipment after 3 months, after producing the equipment). 6.The $12,000 building depreciation allocated to the storage space to be used in producing the special order is irrelevant that means the company will going to incur it irrespective of the fact whether the special order is accepted or not. So, it is a sunk cost. Further, the relevant cost is $18,000 which the company is going to incur only for the special order, if accepted. 7.The purchasing cost of subassembly is $24 per unit whereas if the company made it in house it will cost $22 calculated as below: Allocated fixed overhead of $8 is irrelevant for the special order as the company will incur this overhead irrespective of the fact whether the special order is accepted or not. So, from above it is clear that, the company should make the subassembly instead of purchasing it from outside. 8.The distinction between relevant and non-relevant costs is determined to ascertain the profitability of different alternatives available with the management. There are some costs which remain the same irrespective of the alternative chosen, these costs are irrelevant costs and hence are ignored while decision making, while the costs which changes or have impact on alternative chosen are treated as relevant costs. For ex, for the decision of making a particular product in house or purchasing it from outside, there may be come costs which the company has to incur in both the alternatives, is treated as irrelevant costs. 9.Calculation of Unit Contribution Margin Unit Contribution Margin            =            Sales – Variable Cost                                                                =            $5,595 – $899-$233                                                                =            $4,463 10.Calculation of breakeven point in units Breakeven Point                              =            Fixed Cost / Unit contribution Margin                                                                =            $2,352,000/$4,463                                                                =            527 units Calculation of breakeven point in dollars Breakeven Point                              =            Fixed Cost / Unit Contribution Margin * Sales Price                                                                =            $2,352,000/$4,463 * $5,595 11.Desired level of sales if the company plans to increase fixed costs by 5 percent and achieve a desired before-tax profit of $200,000 is 598 units amounting to $3,345,810 calculated as follows: Current Fixed costs                                                        =            $2,352,000 Proposed Fixed Costs (2,352,000*105%)                               =            $2,469,600 Desired Profit                                                                   =            $ 200,000 Total Contribution Margin                                           =            $2,669,600 Units to be sold (2,669,600/4,463)                           =            598 Sales value (598*5,595)                                                =            $3,345,810 12.If the company’s income tax rate is 22 per cent, then 570 units (Sales value 3,189,649) are required to be sold to achieve an after-tax profit of $150,000. Managers uses break even analysis to determine the point of sales or the number of units required to be sold to recover all the costs incurred, meaning thereby to determine the level of sales where the company is having no profit or no loss. Thus, it also helps management in decision making. 13.Calculation of Contribution margin per unit of service Charges per night           =            $50 Variable expense            =            $20 Contribution                     =            $30 14.Calculation of Contribution-margin ratio Contribution Margin Ratio          =            contribution margin / sales                                                                =            $30/$50                                                                =            60% 15.Calculation of annual break-even point in units of service and in dollars of service revenue Annual break-even point in units ($42,000/$30) Annual break-even point in dollars of service revenue ($42,000/60%)
Friday, September 27, 2019
Art from major museum from the collection of 19th, 20th or 21st Essay
Art from major museum from the collection of 19th, 20th or 21st centuries - Essay Example In accordance to the rising demands for visual arts, art-enthusiasts established the first national museum on the year 1793 in Paris which they named Louvre. This famed art museum placed for the first time in France a haven for the arts that were previously and exclusively owned by the aristocracy; it showcased these fabulous arts to individuals of all walks of life. Furthermore, due to the aforementioned significant revolutions, art movements developed in a rapid scale which was largely characterized by â€Å"isms†: Impressionism, Realism, Fauvism, and so on. These movements duly represented societies that were freshly liberalized from the stronghold of the Church. France was the pinnacle of success for every artist in the 19th century. Annually, a Salon was held wherein exceptional artists had the grand opportunity to display their magnum opus to public scrutiny. However, a fortuitous incident happened in 1863 which gave birth to one of the most influential movements in the period, the Impressionism. A Salon jury declined huge numbers of submitted works of art which angered the artists and prompted them to create another exhibition which they called the â€Å"Salon des Refuses†. Spearheading this movement was Edouard Manet who notoriously displayed his â€Å"impressionistic†paintings such as the celebrated Luncheon on the Grass. However, the term Impressionism came from Claude Monet’s, who was another famous artist of the movement, Impression: Sunrise. The Impressionist movement is also referred to as optical realism by some artists because of its scientific and modern themes in the genuine visual familiarity and its acc ent on illumination and movement on the overall faà §ade of entities; one of the utmost exemplars of impressionism is Edouard Manet’s controversial painting. Edouard Manet’s Luncheon on the Grass stirred much controversy because of the paintings
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Obesity and its effect on Insurers and Insurance costs Research Paper
Obesity and its effect on Insurers and Insurance costs - Research Paper Example It was also interesting to note that 4 of them were men while the rest were women. My observation of the obese persons pointed to the reality of the epidemic. Whereas more Americans stand to be obese, this condition has a negative impact on their health, social wellbeing, work, and on their insurance costs. In the United States, researchers have found out that obesity is associated with an array of health complication such as depression. Strine et al. carried out a study of obese persons and they found out that people who have obesity are more likely to be depressed as compared to those who drink of smoke (p. 127). This research pointed to the fact that obesity creates a favorable environment where obese individuals are predisposed to other diseases. As a result of this finding, it is correct to postulate that many Americans are likely to have depression as majorities have a body mass index of 30 and above. Prevalence of obesity can cause cancer in individuals. Research on the prevalence of cancer indicates that a significant number of people with cancer are obese (Berger 129). According to Berger, research reveals that there is a strong correlation between obesity and a number of malignancies such as cancer of the breast (p. 129). Given these findings, there is no doubt that obesity in the United States can pave way for variants of cancer in individuals. This impact is extensive and can affect all age groups because obesity spans a across all the age structures. Obesity can also cause diabetes, especially the type II diabetes. Tsai, Asch and Wadden argued that obesity is strong determination of type II diabetes in children and adults (p. 1651). The study trio carried out a research where they found out that obesity increased body resistance to insulin. This condition was prevalent in adults and children as well. From this research, there seem to be a relation between obesity and
Religion is the Cause of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1
Religion is the Cause of War - Essay Example Basic human nature has proven over the course of the past centuries that humans ultimately seek to be defined based upon what they are, what they are not, and how they view themselves as well is how others view them. Many times this level of distinction was defined on terms of geographical origin, ethnicity, race, gender, language, or another means of separating and defining people (Eberle, 2012). However, arguably one of the most important means by which individuals from a variety of different locations, races, languages, and/or ethnicities can be divided is with regards to the division that religion so often provides. More powerful than the determinants which have already been listed, religion divides people based upon a nebulous belief system. Due to the fact that personal belief is almost invariably tied to worldview in the way that the individual perceives their surroundings and the reality in which they live, the reader can come to a basic understanding and realization for why such a multitude of many different religions, schisms, and splinter groups exist within the current paradigm. Accordingly, rather than stating that religion is the root cause of all global conflict, it will be the understanding that this analysis will point towards and defined that religion is one of the primal motivators for both current and past conflict. Due to the powerful way in which religion unites a wide variety of individuals from different walks of life, races, ethnicities, languages, and geographical origin, it represents one of the more dangerous aspects of the means by which individuals to find themselves and â€Å"the other†. One does not need to look very hard in order to identify some of the ways in which religion of the past has helps to motivate individuals to commit heinous atrocities. For instance, even a cursory review of tissue of the Abrahamic faiths, Judaism and Islam, illustrates a number of instances recorded in their respective holy books in which t he followers of these religions were encouraged to commit unspeakable atrocities upon heathens/nonbelievers/infidels or any other such group that their supposed deity commanded that they destroy. Although opponents to such an understanding of religion would merely point to the fact that this occurred many thousands of years ago and cannot be understood as representative of current faith and the means by which war is waged, one need look no further than the situations around the globe represented within the following: the Bosnia conflict, the war in East Timor, the war ensued on, repression of minority religious groups in countries as diverse as Iran, Egypt, Mali, Burma, India, Armenia, as well as a host of others (Eberle, 2012). Ultimately, although religion can be a powerful force for good in the world, the fact of the matter is that it all too often is hijacked as a means of differentiating one people group from another, encouraging one form of strife directed at another, or merel y making one group or entity feel somehow superior to another (Henne, 2012). In such a way, religion can be seen as the ultimate division whereby elements of classism, racism, and a host of other judgments are included as a means of defining who is ultimately worthy of life and who is not. In such a way, it can easily be understood by the reader why religion has a powerful role in encouraging violence towards other groups and/or nations that can somehow be dehumanized by a given belief system. This has of course happened far to many times within the past as religion has been used, and still is used as a motivator to create something of a faceless enemy which can more readily be destroyed without questions of conscience.
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Discuss how Death of a Salesman comments on American society and Essay
Discuss how Death of a Salesman comments on American society and values - Essay Example In the story, we see Willy as a desperate man in terms of financial and family relationship success. He is constantly in argument with Biff and is always troubled by his inability to earn more money as compared to his brother Ben. Biff and Happy, at their thirties, are still unable to achieve financial success and are characterized by adolescent behavior. This is in contrast with their cousin, Bernard, who became a well- respected lawyer. Linda is depicted as a sympathetic wife who suppresses her disappointment with their family financial and relationship status. The story culminated in Willy's suicide. The story illustrates how deep-seated is the dream of financial success in American society. The pervading aspiration is to achieve financial success. Willy dreams of making more money like his brother. He still retains his belief that his sons are capable of such success too. However, the story also illustrates how failure to achieve such success can affect the psyche of a person. This is shown by Willy's suicide. His act is the mark of a failed man, but, more importantly, it shows the disparity between his aspirations and his actual achievements. From the story, one can see the implications of the concept of the American dream.
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Analysis of When I Was a Boy in China Research Paper
Analysis of When I Was a Boy in China - Research Paper Example Education equips people with understanding of the various phenomena affecting people. It is the foundation of all discoveries. Education enables people to think and reason from their vicinity, removing ignorance from the people. It thus enables people to think about the future more, especially specialists in various areas. Just like Sinha points out, education is essential for long term planning and prediction. It may take long for education to transform the economy, although its effects are long term. Lee and his friends were sent to America for fifteen years to receive education, and would latter return, fully equipped with knowledge and skills to transform the Chinese country and the general economy. Through this, evidence of the contributions of education to the transformation the world economy is seen. Long term plans are possible with education. The differences between the Chinese people and the Americans during Lee’s time were significant, especially in terms of civilization. By then, a very few Chinese people could read or write, with the educated ones having designated jobs. His uncle for example, lived a good life and had a good job working in an American firm due to his education. He was part of the few citizens who contributed to the economic development of the country. In Lee’s view, the civilized people dressed weird, spoke in funny languages, and behaved in a funny manner. This showed the level of un-civilization among the Chinese, a reason why they could not communicate directly with the Europeans. However, with the acquisition of formal education, they were in a position to communicate efficiently with the Americans, giving them an opportunity to easily and efficiently interact with them. The interaction would then enable them discuss economically and politically oriented ideas. This is a key contribution of the formal education to the country and the world general Lee (1877). Regardless the willingness of the
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Pathogenic and non pathogenic microorganism Research Paper
Pathogenic and non pathogenic microorganism - Research Paper Example Nonpathogenic organisms are organisms that do not cause disease to hosts with normal defense capacity. However, most non-pathogenic bacteria tend to be opportunistic in that they can cause diseases if the host defense mechanisms or defense in insufficient or compromised. The Session Long Project will discuss Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the non-pathogenic bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the pathogenic microorganism. I choose E. coli because it is one of the most common bacteria found in humans. On the other hand, I choose Mycobacterium tuberculosis since it is a pathogenic bacteria that causes tuberculosis, which is a common opportunistic disease in immune-depressed disease. However, the causative agent is considered pathogenic. Moreover, tuberculosis causes several case of death especially in third world countries. E. coli is a common type of bacteria that is found in the human gut but is generally non-pathogenic. The bacterium is found as normal intestinal or bowel flora and has numerous strains. Moreover, Escherichia coli in the human intestines act as a source of Vitamin B complex and Vitamin K. The bacterial inhabits different regions of the body such as the lower and upper respiratory tract and the intestines where it is harmless. However, E. coli become harmful if it enters the blood system (Grover-Lakomia & Fong, 1998). Moreover, in immune-compromised individuals, E. coli is capable of producing toxics, which are harmful to humans. The bacterium is also harmful if taken from foods or contaminated water. Although cases of E. coli poisoning are rare, successful control of the pathogen poisoning would still be considered a significant accomplishment in the field of microbiology and public health (Funnell, Koutoukidis, & Lawrence, 2008; Grover-Lakomia & Fong, 1998) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a non-motile, rod shaped bacterium, which causes tuberculosis.
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Case Pneumonia Essay Example for Free
Case Pneumonia Essay Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by an infection. It is also called Pneumonitis or Bronchopneumonia. Pneumonia can be a serious threat to our health. Although pneumonia is a special concern for older adults and those with chronic illnesses, it can also strike young, healthy people as well. It is a common illness that affects thousands of people each year in the Philippines, thus, it remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the country. There are many kinds of pneumonia that range in seriousness from mild to life-threatening. In infectious pneumonia, bacteria, viruses, fungi or other organisms attack your lungs, leading to inflammation that makes it hard to breathe. Pneumonia can affect one or both lungs. In the young and healthy, early treatment with antibiotics can cure bacterial pneumonia. The drugs used to fight pneumonia are determined by the germ causing the pneumonia and the judgment of the doctor. It’s best to do everything we can to prevent pneumonia, but if one do get sick, recognizing and treating the disease early offers the best chance for a full recovery. A case with a diagnosis of Pneumonia may catch one’s attention, though the disease is just like an ordinary cough and fever, it can lead to death especially when no intervention or care is done. Since the case is a toddler, an appropriate care has to be done to make the patient’s recovery faster. Treating patients with pneumonia is necessary to prevent its spread to others and make them as another victim of this illness. The lungs constitute the largest organ in the respiratory system. They play an important role in respiration, or the process of providing the body with oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. The lungs expand and contract up to 20 times per minute taking in and disposing of those gases. Air that is breathed in is filled with oxygen and goes to the trachea, which branches off into one of two bronchi. Each bronchus enters a lung. There are two lungs, one on each side of the breastbone and protected by the ribs. Each lung is made up of lobes, or sections. There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left one. The lungs are cone shaped and made of elastic, spongy tissue. Within the lungs, the bronchi branch out into minute pathways that go through the lung tissue. The pathways are called bronchioles, and they end at microscopic air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries and provide oxygen for the blood in these vessels. The oxygenated blood is then pumped by the heart throughout the body. The alveoli also take in carbon dioxide, which is then exhaled from the body. Inhaling is due to contractions of the diaphragm and of muscles between the ribs. Exhaling results from relaxation of those muscles. Each lung is surrounded by a two-layered membrane, or the pleura, that under normal circumstances has a very, very small amount of fluid between the layers. The fluid allows the membranes to easily slide over each other during breathing. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Pneumonia is a serious infection or inflammation of your lungs. The air sacs in the lungs fill with pus and other liquid. Oxygen has trouble reaching your blood. If there is too little oxygen in your blood, your body cells can’t work properly. Because of this and spreading infection through the body pneumonia can cause death. Pneumonia affects your lungs in two ways. Lobar pneumonia affects a section (lobe) of a lung. Bronchial pneumonia (or bronchopneumonia) affects patches throughout both lungs. Bacteria are the most common cause of pneumonia. Of these, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common. Other pathogens include anaerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. psittaci, C. trachomatis, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Legionella pneumophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other gram-negative bacilli. Major pulmonary pathogens in infants and children are viruses: respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza A and B viruses. Among other agents are higher bacteria including Nocardia and Actinomyces sp; mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical strains; fungi, including Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Pneumocystis carinii; and rickettsiae, primarily Coxiella burnetii (Q fever). The usual mechanisms of spread are inhaling droplets small enough to reach the alveoli and aspirating secretions from the upper airways. Other means include hematogenous or lymphatic dissemination and direct spread from contiguous infections. Predisposing factors include upper respiratory viral infections, alcoholism, institutionalization, cigarette smoking, heart failure, chronic obstructive airway disease, age extremes, debility, immunocompromise (as in diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure), compromised consciousness, dysphagia, and exposure to transmissible agents. Typical symptoms include cough, fever, and sputum production, usually developing over days and sometimes accompanied by pleurisy. Physical examination may detect tachypnea and signs of consolidation, such as crackles with bronchial breath sounds. This syndrome is commonly caused by bacteria, such as S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. NURSING PROFILE a. Patient’s Profile Name: R. C. S. B. Age: 1 yr,1 mo. Weight:10 kgs Religion: Roman Catholic Mother: C. B. Address: Valenzuela City b. Chief Complaint: Fever Date of Admission: 1st admission
Friday, September 20, 2019
Carl Jungs Analytical Psychology Theory
Carl Jungs Analytical Psychology Theory Introduction Carl Jung was born in a small Swiss village, Kessewil, on July 26, 1875. His father was a minister and his extended family in whose midst he grew up had quite a few clergy men. He went to boarding school and was mostly a loner, who did not enjoy schooling much and initially wanted to go into the field of archaeology after which he decided on medicine at the University of Basel, Switzerland (Storr, 1983). Jung had many dreams, visions and fantasies that he carefully recorded. He was also an expert in many mythological and mystical traditions like Gnosticism, Kabala, Alchemy and Buddhism. All of these contributed increasingly to his views and theories that were developed in later years. Jungs career path and his personality theory were influenced by many of his early experiences. After completing his medical degree from the University of Basel, he began his career at the University of Zurich in 1900. His doctoral thesis on Psychology and Occult phenomenon was heavily influenced by his years of work at the Zurich insane asylum. Jungs interest in parapsychology is clearly illustrated in his concepts and also in much of his work and writing. Jungs own life was quite colorful, his marriage to Emma Rauschenbach and his affair with Toni Wolff who was a therapist working with him was a scandal that created waves in his academic and personal life. His own spell of psychological breakdown which lasted about 6 years led him to a deeper analysis of the psyche and also contributed to his ideas and thoughts in the later years. Collective and Personal Unconscious Jungs methods in Analytical Psychology were developed from Freuds concepts. He did agree to the idea of Libido being the driving force behind all actions, but he refused to agree that it constitutes only sexual energy. In addition to the Ego, he also talked about two types of unconscious being a part of the psyche- collective and personal. He explained the collective unconscious as being derived from years of experiences and something that has been acquired across a vast line of ancestors, which is common to all human beings. He derived this by advocating the idea that certain common themes or symbols have existed across cultures and in every individual which comprised what he called archetypes of the collective unconscious. The more active part of the psyche was believed to be the personal unconscious. He believed that the psyche operated on three mina principles which were: The principle of opposites: In every psyche there is an energy flowing from contrasting desires. The principle of equivalence: There is energy that is equally available to both desires, one is fulfilled and the unfulfilled one must be acknowledged for balance and growth. The principle of entropy: Much like in physics, the psyche also had a concept wherein the opposing poles that create this energy become less contrasting as we age leading to a more stable personality. Archetypes: Jung described and listed various archetypes that constitute the psyche and personality of an individual. These included the Persona, the self, the anima, the animus and the shadow to name a few. The persona refers to those masks we wear which allow us to act differently according to the constraints and expectations of society and individual situations. The persona is not simply a mask but also defines how an individual connects to others and fulfils the roles and responsibilities conferred upon them on various occasions. The self is the true nature and propensities of the individual; it is believed to be the archetype of the psyche that is believed to be the main cause of wholeness and centrality. Jung believed the self to be the area that could lead to a reconciliation, acceptance and awareness of the opposing nature and forces that are constantly creating a struggle in the individual. When a person has acquired proper understanding and has come to terms with the many opposites or polarities of their nature, then they are growing closer to the process of complete understanding. Such a realization and acceptance of the self is what led to the greats like Buddha, Jesus and others to transcend their daily realities and be in tune with the life around them on a higher level. The Anima was the feminine side or instincts that may occur in a male while animus was the male side that is seen in females. The Animus was the masculine side that is there in females and it would define how women relate to males around them. The projection of the anima is what Jung believed decided the kind of woman a man would fall in love with. Too much anima in a man can lead to effeminate habits while in a woman a greater expression of animus contributed to predominantly male traits such as aggression, dominance and so on. The shadow refers to what in laymans terms would be called the dark side. It consists of all those repressed urges and instincts; it is the inferior being who we do not allow out. It is a primitive, uncontrolled part of us that is almost animal like in its responses and urges. There is often a personification of the shadow that occurs in many cases. This is why sometimes we develop an unexplained dislike of some traits in others of other individuals. On exploration it may be found to be a certain habit or urge that we have locked away in us. Jung does not condemn the shadow in man; he does not believe it needs to be locked away. Just as commonly we would always suspect something that is too good to be true, man must live with his dark side, accept that there is the other side rather than live in the strain of denying its very existence. There are conflicts created when we strive to live with ideals and illusions of perfection creating an irritability and lack of acceptance in the ind ividuals. The danger of continually repressing the shadow is that it grows in strength in the unconscious until in one opportune moment it bursts out in a fit of uncontrollable rage and leads to many grave consequences. We can better relate to it when we think back to times when we said I dont know what came over me! Jungs archetypes were many more and he believed that there wasnt a fixed number to the different archetypes that are seen. There are many others seen and each of these contributes to the individual, his or her learning, understanding and functioning in the world around them. Complexes: Jung was also well known for his work on what he termed complexes and how a word association test was developed to draw out these complexes in individuals. He is said to have arrived at the idea of complexes form word association tests conducted while recording galvanic skin responses. Jung stated that a complex is a set of suppressed feelings and thoughts that will gather around a certain theme of the archetype. He said that complexes in themselves did not create neurosis. It is the reactions or behavior caused by the complexes that were problematic. Understanding their effects on behavior and acknowledging them was important for the process of growth and sell fulfillment. The ultimate goal of psychotherapy in Jungian analytics was individuation of the self by transcending the opposing energies. He arrived at the concept of Mandala which symbolized completion or wholeness and balance. Jung helped his patients to look at their lives from a religious, historical and spiritual point of view. Individuals were encouraged to question, explore their psyche beyond their ego or I and arrive at concepts rather than blindly following rules. Another interesting concept that Jung propagated was that of Synchronicity and Teleology. These were both derived from his study of mythology and his own exploration of parapsychology. Synchronicity refers to two events that occur coincidentally, have different causes or origins but are connected in a meaningful manner. Through teleology Jung spoke of how the past has bearing on the future by how it determines how we are led into the future by certain ideas we have about how it should be. Such esoteric and distinctive concepts are underlined and emphasized greatly in Jungian analytics which looks at weaving together psychology and spirituality in a manner of speaking. It is in this respect that he greatly differed from Freuds theories which were more carnal and expounded heavily on everything being driven by sexual desires. Psychological Types Jungian Analytics discusses various psychological types. Every individual has differences in temperament and perceptions that will make them see and react to situations differently. The primary distinction is based on attitude which can be classified as Extraverts and Introverts. Extroverts are said to have an outward flow of their energy or libido. The extravert responds highly to external stimuli, situations, people, objects and is comfortable with interactions, relations and external accomplishments. Being a loner or a social isolate is not suited to people with such temperaments. The opposing pole of this is the introvert who is more in tune with the internal processes in the psyche and thus more open to feelings, fantasies, dreaming. These individuals prefer the subjective realm of images and thoughts and will function better individually than in large groups and also when free from external pressure to conform to the environment. People belonging to both categories hold one another beneath themselves. Extroverts would feel introverts to be restricted and self centered. Introverts would feel extroverts to be opportunistic, shallow and hypocritical. In every individual both tendencies are present but in different degrees. For example an extrovert would ha ve underdeveloped introverted tendencies which can be seen in the form of depression. An additional insight was that people have different ways of perceiving the world which Jung classified into four categories. These included thinking, sensing, intuiting and feeling. Thinking: this involves individuals who take information into their system and evaluate, analyze and arrive at conclusions and ideas in a logical or rational manner. The thinker thus assesses and evaluates the raw information that he takes in from the outer and inner world. Sensing: Sensing individuals gather information about the inner and outer world around them by gathering the inputs through their senses. A sensing individual gets to know the world and perceives what is around him by listening to what he can hear and looking at information. Intuiting: Intuition is a level of perception that is beyond the usual level of consciousness, it involves putting together large amounts of information rather than what is just seen in the immediate environment. Feeling: Feeling is much like thinking but it involves weighing the emotional responses that are evoked to the information that is gathered by an individual. Each individual has each of these functions but uses them in different ways or to different degrees in their daily life. Jung sees the ideal to be the development of all of these functions even the opposite ones in the right degree to form a balanced individual. A personality typology was developed by Jung based on these particulars and these concepts were wildly popular and later developed into a type indicator by the mother daughter duo, Katherine Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers. It came to be known as the Myers Briggs Type indicator. For those looking for a more religious and mystical perspective, Jungs theories brought a sense of fulfillment, something they could truly relate to.
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Compare Sonnet 130 by Shakespeare and the Glasgow Sonnet by Essay
Compare Sonnet 130 by Shakespeare and the Glasgow Sonnet by Edwin Morgan. Poetry has many forms and styles of which it can be written and emphasised in. A sonnet is one of these forms. They mainly consist of fourteen lines, but can be set out in two different ways. One of two styles of sonnet is Elizabethan. William Shakespeare is an example of a poet and writer of this time period, and possible one of the most recognised for his work. William Shakespeare wrote an astounding 144 sonnets within his life time. The majority of these sonnets were mainly based upon love or insincere compliments. The Elizabethan sonnets are usually of the lyrical in content and differ in structure. This indefinably differs from the modern style of sonnet that we are use to. This is because the Elizabethan poem contains three stanzas of four lines and it finishes off with a rhyming couplet at the end. The structure of the modern sonnet is a complete anomaly compared with the Elizabethan sonnets. This is because they have two stanzas, the first consisting of eight lines and the second consisting of six lines, they are called the octave and the sestet. The sestet is the conclusion of a modern sonnet which contains a message whereas the Elizabethan’s message is held within the couplet. The modern sonnets usually hold a meaning of poverty and desolation within it and the tones vary extensively, although a sense of fundamental contentment is established with the rigidity of the form. The imagery used in Sonnet 130 is that of always comparing the woman in which Shakespeare is talking about to natural beauty. Shakespeare is very strange and different in the way he describes his mistress in this sonnet. This is because of ... ...et is trying to get across to the people out there willing to listen. He feels that people have been ignoring these situations and the problems have become increasingly worse. The content of this poem has given a paradoxical look and it is all a part of social realism. I feel that Sonnet 130 is very effective in the way Shakespeare puts his opinion across about his partner. The humour of the sonnet brings a more appealing feel to it. Although the problem with the sonnet is that message isn’t clear to see straight away, you have to look at the sonnet in more depth to see what message Shakespeare is trying to get across. The Glasgow Sonnet has a very serious message to it and the way the writer uses metaphors and similes to describe the area that people have to suffer living in, is very effective and makes the reader think about the realities of life.
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
Transformation of Milkman in Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon :: Song Solomon essays Toni Morrison Papers
Transformation of Milkman in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon In Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon, the character of Milkman gradually learns to respect and to listen to women. This essay will examine Milkman's transformation from boy to man. In the first part of the novel, he emulates his father, by being deaf to women's wisdom and women's needs, and casually disrespecting the women he should most respect. He chooses to stray from his father's example and leaves town to obtain his inheritance and to become a self-defined man. From Circe, a witch figure, he is inspired to be reciprocal, and through his struggle for equality with men and then with women, he begins to find his inheritance, which is knowing what it is to fly, not gold. At the end, he acts with kindness and reciprocity with Pilate, learning from her wisdom and accepting his responsibilities to women at last. By accepting his true inheritance from women, he becomes a man, who loves and respects women, who knows he can fly but also knows his responsibilities. In the first part of the novel, Milkman is his father's son, a child taught to ignore the wisdom of women. Even when he is 31, he still needs "both his father and his aunt to get him off" the scrapes he gets into. Milkman considers himself Macon, Jr., calling himself by that name, and believing that he cannot act independently (120). The first lesson his father teaches him is that ownership is everything, and that women's knowledge (specifically, Pilate's knowledge) is not useful "in this world" (55). He is blind to the Pilate's wisdom. When Pilate tell Reba's lover that women's love is to be respected, he learns nothing (94). In the same episode, he begins his incestuous affair with Hagar, leaving her 14 years later when his desire for her wanes. Milkman's experience with Hagar is analogous to his experience with his mother, and serves to "[stretch] his carefree boyhood out for thrifty-one years" (98). Hagar calls him into a room, unbuttons her blouse and smiles (92), just as his mother did (13). Milkman's desire for his mother's milk disappears before she stops milking him, and when Freddie discovers the situation and notes the inappropriateness, she is left without this comfort. Similarly, Milkman ends the affair with Hagar when he loses the desire for her and recognizes that this affair with his cousin is not socially approved, leaving Hagar coldly and consciously, with money and a letter of gratitude.
Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays Shakespeare
Jealousy in Shakespeare's Othello     Othello features jealousy as the dominant motive for action and therefore just as reflected in real life we bare witness to jealousy influencing the characters of Iago, Brabantio, Roderigo, and Othello. In this essay I shall be attempting to examine this theme in depth drawing comparison between jealousy and the consequential action. The dominance of jealousy as the chief causative force of action in the drama is very obvious to most critics. In William Shakespeare: The Tragedies, Paul A. Jorgensen exposes the main motivation in the story: In 'roundest' terms, Othello is a story of raging sexual jealousy prompted apparently by the least credible of motives. Othello has eloped with Desdemona, the white, refined, and pure daughter of a Venetian senator, Brabantio. [. . .] The marriage might have succeeded had it not been for one of the most hateful characters ever created: Iago. This essentially puny man is, he tells his dupe Roderigo, jealous because his general Othello has appointed as lieutenant not the seasoned plain veteran Iago but a learned soldier of the new type, Cassio. In soliloquy (1.3.377), Iago tells us also of the reasons for his jealousy and proposed revenge, all of them sexual: he claims both Cassio and Othello have seduced his wife, Emilia, a warm-hearted, simple wom... ...n Shakespeare?s Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 39-55) Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare: The Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1985. Neely, Carol. "Women and Men in Othello" Critical Essays on Shakespeare?s Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 68-90) Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Snyder, Susan. "Beyond the Comedy: Othello" Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987. (page 23-37)
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
Visualising Alternate Futures of a City
The excitedly excessive secret plans of future, with air lanes clicking with winging vehicles and keen practical existences has ever struck a chord in our Black Marias. The appeal of these phantasmagoric scenarios have survived non merely in architecture, but elsewhere and largely so in films. It is through films that the uncommon feeling can be encountered with the most dynamic result. But what is it about these future landscapes set out by movie shapers that engages us so much? This can be best stated by what Nicolai Ouroussoff said in ‘Future Vision Banished to the Past ‘ diligently equaling the bulldozing of Nakagin Capsule Tower, â€Å" †¦ like all great edifices, it is the crystallisation of a far-reaching cultural ideal. Its being besides stands as a powerful reminder of waies non taken, of the possibility of universes shaped by different sets of values.†For pupils like me who are occupied in the perceptual experience and enquiry and architecture of infinites, and in the comprehension of people utilizing these infinites, I presume it to be sensible to state that we oft view these infinites from another’s position, but overlook their context and portraiture. We can state that metropoliss are touchable composings, but as Lefebvre ( 1974 ) comments, the societal building of metropoliss and topographic points is a critical component in how people see the environments that surround them. Representations of topographic points evoke the imagined every bit good as the existent ; Calvino ( 1974 ) in his Invisible Cities provinces, â€Å"The oculus does non see things, but images of things that mean other things.†The metropolis and its portraiture in film provide alone vantage points from which we can deconstruct public infinites in ways that long-established scientific disciplines do non let us. The metropolis is a character. Its history is romanticized. Its hereafter is fantasized. Its present signifier contains at one time a inactive record of its history and the dynamic elements which shape its hereafter. The character of a metropolis is determined by a synthesis between its physical construction and its societal skin color it evolves out of a duologue between the forces of past and present. It expands, keeping its ain signifier in memory while being thrust into an unsure hereafter. And now, to this noise of forces at work on the character of the metropolis comes a new voice. One which brings vision to the procedure of development: movie images and future environments. Architects and contrivers have traditionally focused attending on the present physical and societal demands of the urban environment. With the dynamic technological and societal alterations of the 19Thursdayand 20Thursdaycentury it became progressively necessary to gestate the hereafter of the metropolis beyond the incremental alterations which had characterized its historical development. While clearly a self-aware act of religion in the viability of the metropolis as a cultural establishment, future visions were besides an avowal of our possible to make the hereafter. We can foretell economic impacts and industrial end products, forecast population tendencies etc but statistics do non make a vision for the hereafter. The procedure of visualizing alternate hereafters of a metropolis is phenomenon specific to the 19Thursdayand 20Thursdaycenturies. The heritage of this modern-day signifier, born out of the extremist transmutations of the industrial revolution emerged in the mid-19Thursdaycentury as an intrinsic procedure in determining the signifier of the metropolis. Presented though a scope of formats- literature, pulling media and in movies, these visions created a agencies to help determination doing about the hereafter of the metropolis. These images represented theoretical, bad or even fanciful visions of what the metropolis could be. In the development of the pre-industrial metropolis, the hereafter was basically an extension of the yesteryear. In the 19Thursdaycentury, the hereafter of the metropolis took on an individuality of its ain which could be moulded by the visions of its society. For the first clip the urban environment was conceived as a moral force for without a unequivocal hereaf ter, its society jointly engaged in the procedure of its ain development. The demand for happening an appropriate hereafter of the metropolis became a procedure of contriving the hereafter of the metropolis. In 1939 New York Worlds Fair, inspired by the heroic poem them, â€Å"Building the World of Tomorrow†, presented an array of futuristic images and signifiers. The hereafter of the metropolis was detailed in the â€Å"Futurama†, a huge scale theoretical account of a typical urban Centre in the twelvemonth 1960. Produced by industrial interior decorator Norman Bel Geddes, this exhibition was to act upon a coevals of urban contrivers. The hereafter of a metropolis continues to a subject of literature and architectural rendition. Following traditions established modern-day visions while limited in public handiness, continue to propose their viability in determining our construct of the urban hereafter. Although supplying an of import function in our apprehension of the metropolis up to this really twenty-four hours, print media is inherently limited in its range and influence. Gesture images have the potency for rendering the hereafter in such a provocative new manner. Unique to this medium are three mechanisms which empower movie with an exceeding ability to convey thoughts. The first relates to the indispensable nature of the movie experience. While demanding of the spectator a suspension of incredulity, film creates a province of head which heightens the world of the clip and topographic point rendered in the movie. Although non a replacement for real-world experiences, the consequence of the movie is to capture the kernel of a narrative and render in a touchable context. By leting us to ‘live’ in the hereafter as if it already existed, movie provides an chance to measure the societal and physical effects of a peculiar vision. A 2nd property of film is handiness. Cinema is a democratic medium which invites engagement by a broad public audience. The visions of designers and other interior decorators working in print media communicate chiefly to other professionals go forthing the populace mostly incognizant of their work. Third, the genre of scientific discipline fiction provides a format for non-traditional interior decorators to go on prosecuting in the procedure of visualising the hereafter of the metropolis. While artistic visions of the hereafter were popular in the 19Thursdaycentury, the consequence of their work began to worsen with the bend of the century. The projections of designers and other traditionally responsible for the signifier of the metropolis began to take clasp in the early portion of this century. While supplying a more rational mentality on the hereafter, these visions besides began to take the signifier of existent proposals for the metropolis. Within the kingdom of scientific discipline fiction film, managers, set interior decorators, industrial interior decorators and host of other ‘visual futurist’ could prosecute in suggesting alternate hereafter for the metropolis. In researching the impact of movie, it is of import to understand that visions of the hereafter in every medium are plants of fiction. In developing a model for the rendition of a narrative, movie creates a scene in clip and topographic point. Essential to our apprehension of the narrative, the physical environment of the movie typically organize a background to our events which are more meaningful. In movies which with future environments, the scene may go every bit of import as the events which occur within it. The coming of movie allowed society to research possible hereafters are placed in the class of Science fiction. Although a cinematic extension of traditional airy projections in other media, the genre of scientific discipline fiction movies have been misunderstood and delegated to the function of phantasy. The purpose of this survey is to research movies which focus on the physical and cultural facets of the metropolis. While in many instances films suggest progresss in scientific discipline and engineering, it is clearly non the primary motive within the context of the narrative. However they are categorized in the cinematic medium, specific sci-fi movies have had a voltaic consequence on our construct of urban hereafter. Blending constructs and images from disparate sources- traditional renditions of architecture and urban design, progresss in scientific discipline and engineering, art, literature and other medium from the 19Thursdaycentury, these movies created a vision which influenced the signifier of the metropolis in the 20Thursdaycentury. In following the nature of this influence, it is possible to associate constructs and images from specific movies straight to construct illustrations in the metropolis. For illustration, the perpendicular graduated table and fictile articulation of the interior infinites in the movieThingss to Come ( 1936 )is strikingly similar to atrium infinites of the hotel developed by the Hyatt corporation along the east seashore of United States of America. However, this attitude underestimates the productive consequence these movies have on our apprehension of the hereafter. The influence of these visions affected both the general populace and those professionals involved in the design of the metropolis. In organizing public outlooks about the hereafter, these movies provided a benchmark which professional interior decorators are obligated to react to. â€Å"As the mist began to clear†, wrote German manager Fritz Lang on his first visit to Manhattan in 1924, â€Å"a metropolis of huge proportions began to emerge. Filled with visible radiation and energy. The looming steeples of edifices pierced the clouds while everyplace people and machines raced about†¦Ã¢â‚¬ For Lang, the metropolis of New York became a symbol for the societal struggles built-in in a modern metropolis, and the inspiration for provocative urban vision he was subsequently to show in his movie. While there exists a scope of Science fiction movies which articulate the formal composing of the future metropolis in deepness, two illustrations possibly be singled out for the intelligence and influence of their vision, every bit good as the contrasting historical places which they occupy in the development of this of this genre of movie devising. Viewed together, the movies Metropolis ( 1927 ) and Blade Runner ( 1982 ) encompass virtually the full spectrum of cinematic visions of the metropolis. In these movies the metropolis emerges as an built-in character within the model of the narrative. It is the really nature of this character- both the strength of its physical scene and the peculiar relationship which the histrions have to this environment, which create a realistic context for conceive ofing the hereafter of a metropolis. The physical and societal urban environment which these two movies undertaking is at one time familiar and radically different. The kineticss generated by these enigmas gives the movies a 3-dimensional texture, a quality which moves the experience of the movie beyond the single images it represents. Fritz Lang’s vision of the metropolis inCitiesestablished film as the unequivocal medium for jointing the hereafter of the urban environment in the 20Thursdaycentury. The subject and ocular linguistic communication of the movie have influenced virtually every other movie on the topic to day of the month. The urban hereafter ofBlade Runner,a vision of Los Angeles in the twelvemonth 2019 is borrowing in subject and image fromMetropolis,the usage of engineering and modern-day production techniques setsBlade Runnerapart from other movies of its coevals. In developing an apprehension of the mechanisms which consequence alteration in the composing of the urban environment, it is clear that movies play an of import function in determining its hereafter. The demand for visualizing the hereafter, emerging out of the societal and technological transmutations of the industrial revolution, found an appropriate vehicle for look in the modern-day medium of scientific discipline fiction film. Bibliography Arnheim, Rudolf, Film as art, UoC Press, 1957 Banham, Reyner, Theory and Design in the First Machine Age, MIT Press, 1960. , Beck, Geogary. City in the image of scientific discipline fiction film, MIT Press, 1986 Ferriss, Hugh, The Metropolis of tomorrow, Oxford, 1929. Jensen, Paul, The Cinema of Fritz Lang, Barnes & A ; Company, 1969 Tewdwr-Jones, Mark, Modern Planning on Film: Re-shaping Space, Image and Representation, 2013
Monday, September 16, 2019
Basketball †Observation Essay
Honorable guest of honors, ministers, parents, friends, and students, l would like to welcome you to Borrowdale Brooke Academy Sports day. School sports day is a red letter day on the calendar. It is a day when students are freed from their classrooms to jump and run around, freed from the fetters of learning. It is a day for mothers to wear their summary best and fathers to cheer on their sons. It’s a day when children who may struggle with academic subjects show that they can race faster or jump further than anyone else. It’s a day for red faces and perspiration where t-shirts and shorts are the order of the day. It’s a day for starter guns or teachers with whistles. School sports day is a day for cameras and videos and smiling faces. It’s a day for triumph and disasters, for successes and failures. Speeches are given and medals are presented and, overall, it’s a day for sportsmanship and making memories. This year, I am pleased to see, many are competing encompassing over 50 staff and family members in a wide variety of events. Not least of which is the tug-of-war which I am told will be vigorously contested. As I look around here today I am reminded once again of just how passionate teachers are about sport and what great competitors you all are. One of the consistencies I see when I watch students play at school is the love BBA Students have for sport. And what a great thing sport is on so many levels. Beyond the obvious health and activity benefits, sport can teach us much about life. It teaches us about teamwork, it teaches us how to get along with others, and it teaches us to work together to achieve a common goal. It’s also about trust and responsibility and about dealing with success and failure. Sport also helps us learn about coping with pressure and the need to stick with training in order to improve. As well as the benefits to individuals, sports and physical activity also bring great benefits to communities through such things as improved health and education, rehabilitation, crime prevention, and gender equality. Another important aspect of sports is its ability to make people feel they are part of something. In a survey done on our last sports day, everybody interviewed said that â€Å"the event made them feel a part of Borrowdale Brooke Academy. Borrowdale Brooke Academy recognizes the value of using sport as vehicle for development But while the challenges are great, so is the commitment to find solutions. I want to acknowledge all the good work done by Teachers and also parents. Everybody has a responsibility to work towards making communities safer. To achieve that goal parents and teachers need to work closely together. This sports day is an excellent way to bring people together in a relaxed environment that will build lasting networks and friendships across the sector. I congratulate the organizers and particularly the director of studies Mrs. Henney, the principal Mrs. Rutsito and his deputy Mr. Muridzi, the technical coordinators Mr. Maviki, and other members of the organizing team who have done a great job in putting together today’s program. And now it only leaves me to wish all competitors good luck and to declare the First annual Borrowdale Brooke Academy Sports Day open. Thank you.
Sunday, September 15, 2019
Amway India Case analysis Essay
CASE B-6: AMWAY INDIA Assignment Presented to Dr. G. N. Braithwaite-Sturgeon as per the requirements of International Marketing ADM4328 M University of Ottawa January 22nd 2013 BUSINESS CONTEXT & INITIAL SITUATION Amway, a North American Multinational, subsidiary of Alticor Inc. has over the years become one of the leaders in the 90 billion dollar direct selling industry through its use of multi-level marketing and creation of networks of independent business owners and sales. Founded in 1959 by Jay Van Andel and Richard DeVos, the company grew and captivated interest on an international level, especially in developing countries due to its ability to provide entrepreneurship opportunities. Amway’s range of 450 products and services are distributed worldwide in over 90 countries in a variety of sectors such as: wellness, beauty, home care, commercial, insurance, education and nutritional care. India’s growing economy made it one of Amway’s many targeted countries, and, in May 1998, Amway India commenced its business operations. After 36 million dollars of investment in the Indian market, in 2002, Amway India came under some legal issues when Indian officials and the State Government of Andhra Pradesh registered a criminal complaint against Amway India Corporation and concluded their creation of a chain of distributors was operating against the Act Prize Chits and Money Circulation of 1978. Today, in 2013, Amway has continued its operations within the country and has even expanded into a 100 million dollar colour cosmetic segment. Business is booming but Amway Corporation’s future endeavours within India hang in the balance of its legal conclusions. PROBLEM Despite the fact that Amway Corporation has experienced tremendous international success, they are now facing legal concerns in India with respect to their direct sales practices. These legal issues tied to the creation of a chain of distribution that may be in violation of the law as defined in and prohibited by the Prize Chits and Money Circulation Schemes (banning) act of 1978, have the potential to negatively influence their profit margins and bottom line, and in turn, affect the corporations reputation and international brand. All of the Corporation stakeholders are experiencing uncertainty with the company’s future in India. SWOT Analysis Internal Analysis Strengths: – Amway’s Starter Business Kits are available at a low investment cost and are fully refundable within 90 days. This along with the corporation’s free and extensive training seminars make it accessible and enticing for potential distributors and independent business owners. – Amway Corporation has a large distribution network and international coverage. – Aggressive product launches with products backed with a 100% customer product Refund Policy create an image of low financial risk to the consumers. Weaknesses – Limited sales approach – direct selling – Negative consumer perception- impression of pyramid selling scheme – Amway’s is illustrating an ethnocentric marketing strategy; it is using the same strategy in India as it is in the United States with no adaptation. External Analysis Opportunity – The Corporation has a national and international scope because of its ability to provide entrepreneurship opportunities at the micro-level globally – an impressive market opportunity for Amway in the direct sales sector. – India’s economy in booming, increasing disposable income. – There is a large focus on materialistic possessions and beauty in Indian women within the country’s urban and metropolitan areas, making it easy for distributors and IBO’s to sell a variety of Amway products. Threats – Legal policies change from one country to another; India’s laws could prevent Amway to continue its operations in that particular country. – Government policies can change at any moment and inhibit the ease of operation in a specific market. – Little to no control over the marketing and sale of their products: Independent business owners have a lot of freedom to make those decisions. – Competitors such as other multinationals or corporations (Ex: Avon and Mary Kay) create threats for market share. OPTIONS Option #1: Planned Exit of the Indian Market & Exploration of Other Potential Markets. Main Pros: – If Amway were to implement a planned exit of the Indian market, it could sell off its current existing products while they still were able to execute business within the market and not experience any unexpected losses. – Amway Corporation would not have to spend additional time, effort and money in legal litigations and negotiations. – The corporation’s time could be focused on exploring other potential markets within neighbouring countries with fewer legal restrictions on the distribution of their products. – If neighbouring countries are tapped, the existing investment in India’s manufacturing plants and machinery can still be used for fabrication of products for neighbouring countries. Main Cons: – Neighbouring countries could present little to no interest in adopting business practices from Amway Corporation, or could present little to no profit for the company due to the varying national economic situations. – Loss of the 36 million dollar investment (including the 17 million state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities invested in India. – Extremely large loss on potential profits in that particular market. – Loss of direct and indirect jobs for the Indian citizens. – Failure in such a large market could harm the company’s image within the minds of the consumers. Option #2: Continue Business and Expansion in India Main Pros – The company could continue making profits within the country while fighting the legal battles. – Little to no research or change needs to be made to the business model or marketing strategy. – The expansion will create more jobs and revenues, benefiting both India’s citizens and the corporation itself. Main Cons: – Amway could be forced out of the market if the court supports the government’s view that the corporation is in violation of the Prize Chits and Money Circulation Act. – Product lose is possible if Amway is forced out of business within the country; the IBO’s and distributors could keep all products they have on hand, instead of giving it back to the corporation. – Further investment in legal fees would be incurred. – Loss of time and human capital would be lost to the investment in winning the legal litigations. Option #3: Continue Business and Expansion in India with Ethocentrism; define a new marketing or distribution plan for its business in India that complies with the country’s legal constraints. Main Pros: – The company could continue to operate within the country, maintain its market share. – Amway India would benefit from India’s growing economy and large population. – If Amway had global integration with local responsiveness, they could attain a larger market share and increase sales. – There would be little to no investment on legal issues. Main Cons: – Amway would have to invest in environmental scanning. – There would be an initial investment in marketing costs to alter and implement a new marketing strategy. – The new marketing strategy could ultimately fail, leading to loss in marketing investments. RECOMMENDATION: After careful consideration of the options listed above, the recommendation that I would give to Amway Corporation would be option #3; to continue business and expansion in India while developing a ethnocentric marketing strategy – a marketing strategy specific to that country in compliance with its laws on product distribution. It is important for Amway to continue its operations within India as it is a market that presents many current and future opportunities. This option presents the most benefits to the company’s future success within the market and illustrates the lowest risk and least amount of potential loss. IMPLEMENTATION: The implementation of option 3# is as follows: Short term (0-6 months) Within the short term, Amway India would continue its regular proceedings within the country. It would have to do extensive environmental scanning to develop a deepened understanding of India’s economical, social, environmental, technical, and most importantly its legal aspects. I would also recommend that in the first six months, Amway Corporation should develop further market research, to enable them to ensure a positive corporate image within the minds of the distributors and the consumers. Medium Term (6-12 months) Following the research phase, Amway should develop the Indian Marketing Strategy; a strategy that complies within all of the political and legal requirements for sound business practice. Long Term (12+ months) Lastly, Amway Corporation will put in place its new Marketing strategy for Amway India. It will have to monitor its results and make minor changes along the way. *All information taken from textbook and lecture notes
Saturday, September 14, 2019
Effects of H-1B Visa Program on Employment and Wage in the United States Essay
The United States is the most powerful country in the world. Its dominant culture, military, and economy make it the most influential nation across the globe. The power of the US doesn’t only come from its native citizens but also from the foreigners who come to its shores every day to work and live there. These people play a very significant role in driving the US economy. A number of national programs have been developed in order to influence the influx of these people into the US. One of those programs is called the H-1B visa program. The program, which allows foreigners to work in the US, has critical effects on various sectors of American society, but especially the economy. Based on the data that have been so far collected, it is clear that the H-1B visa program, in terms of employment in the technology sector, is important in maintaining the status of the country as a leader in science and technology. However, the H-1B visa program may also have negative effects on the wage of native citizens because they would have to compete with the low wages of foreign workers. Many companies in the US needed temporary workers, so the H1 category of non-immigrants was created under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. Unlike immigrants, non-immigrants only stay in the US temporarily to accomplish a specific purpose, for instance, education or work. The current H1-B visa program of the United States was created through the Immigration Act of 1990 and the amendment of the 1952 act. The result of the amendment was a program that allows an employer to temporarily hire a foreigner to work in the US provided that he’s under the category of non-immigrants. Also, the worker must have a specialty occupation or be a fashion model with exceptional ability and merit. The law describes a â€Å"specialty occupation†as something that requires theoretical and practical application of a specialized body of knowledge. The worker must also have a bachelor’s degree or the equivalent in specialties such as business, biotechnology, education, health care, medicine, and sciences. The H1-B program currently limits the number of foreign nonimmigrant workers in the US to 65,000 per year (Bartik et al. 134). H-1B’s cap has not always remained the same, however. Congress increased it to 115,000 in 1998 for fiscal years 1999 and 2000. Then in 2000, Congress increased it even further to 195,000 for the 2001 fiscal year. It was maintained during 2002 and 2003, and was slashed to 65,000 again from 2004 onward. Not all foreign workers are affected by the cap, however. The H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004 states that foreign workers employed by institutions of government research organizations, institutions of higher education and NGOs are exempt from the cap. Also, a separate cap of 20,000 exists on petitions that are filed on behalf of foreigners with master’s or higher degrees earned in the US (Bartik et al. 135). Recently, lobbyists composed of universities and members of the technology industry are pushing for a huge increase in the annual cap of H-1B visas. They argue that H-1B visas otherwise known as â€Å"guest worker visas†serve a crucial role in driving the economy, especially in the high technology sector. According to them, there is a systemic shortage of American engineers and scientists in the country. There is a very high demand domestically for these highly skilled workers and the small supply cannot fill that gap. The only way to solve this problem therefore is through the import of foreign workers through the H-1B visa program (Hira et al. 150). These lobbyists argue that they will be forced to resort to outsourcing jobs to foreign engineers and scientists in their home countries if the H-1B cap is not increased. They also claim that the visa program actually serves as a tool for the country to gather the best and the brightest highly skilled workers in the world. This is supposedly a result that is to be expected if the cap on the H-1B visa program is increased (Hira et al. 150). There are many evidences for the advantages brought about by hiring foreign workers in the technology sector. For example, a 2008 study by the National Research Council looked at the effects of hiring H-1B workers by large US companies Texas Instruments, Qualcomm, Motorola/Freescale, Intel, and IBM. Of the five companies, IBM employed the most number of H-1B workers, granting almost 4,000 in five years. Most applications in the company stated a range of earnings of about $82,072. This was considerably bigger than the other four companies’ average minimum earnings. The researchers thought that the applications were for jobs that were not chip-related since IBM had become a software company from a hardware company (National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering 152). It is clear from the example above that foreign workers in the technology sector do indeed get attracted to the United States through H-1B visas. IBM was hiring more foreign workers than anybody else in the group, and these people were earning higher. However, there are still many â€Å"experts†that love to criticize the H-1B visa program. John McCain and Edward Kennedy defended the H-1B visa program in 2006. The two senators supported the immigration bill that passed the Senate and insisted that their bill required employers to search for workers in the US first. However, their bill actually didn’t have any of these provisions (Hira et al. 152). Indeed, it’s a common misconception that the current law instructs US companies to look for workers in the US first. Many government officials also have this incorrect belief. Senator Norman Coleman, for example, says that he supports the issuance of H-1B visas as long as a number of conditions are met. One, the employer must show that there is not enough US workers qualified for the position; two, that the employer has not laid off a US worker 90 days before or after hiring a foreign worker; three, the employer must demonstrate that they tried to hire US workers before foreign workers; and finally, that the recruitment of H-1B workers will not have adverse effects on the waves, working conditions, and job opportunities of US workers. Even then Senator Barack Obama thinks that the H-1B policy aims to exhaust all means of recruiting US workers before foreign workers. He believed that hiring H1-B workers should be a last recourse for American employers (Hira et al. 152). The truth is however, that the provisions mentioned by the two people above actually don’t exist for the majority of employers who use the H-1B visa program. Even Obama’s wish that employers should hire foreign workers as a last option is not practiced in the real world (Hira et al. 152). Also, according to market indicators, there is not enough evidence of a systemic shortage of resident engineers and scientists in the US, one of the main arguments of lobbyists for the increase in H-1B cap. Also, earnings and wage growth have been moderate and more or less the same as other professions. The unemployment rate, while it sharply increased during the dot-com bubble, has now fallen. Researchers have also supported the idea that there is little evidence of shortage in high technology jobs. Private surveys and public data are also conflicting when it comes to determining shortages. Trade surveys show there are indeed shortages, but public data indicate the opposite (Bartik et al. 137). Determining shortages in scientists and engineers is a real problem because any increase in the number of H-1B visas issued by employers alone is not indicative of a systemic shortage. Other factors contribute to perceived shortages, for example, the growing significance of foreign students in American institutions. These are foreign students who remain in the United States after they graduate to convert their student visa to a working visa. Other equally important factors include: economic growth, cyclical demand in IT industries, especially during the 1990s, and even backlogs in the application process for permanent visa. Employers today are constantly hiring H-1B workers, but that is clearly not enough reason to increase the cap on H-1B visas. Aside from the effects it will have on the wages and earnings of American workers, the increased cap will create some problems in the permanent residency part of immigration because there are already backlogs there (Bartik et al. 137). The influx of H-1B workers into the United States has been going on vigorously since the 1990s. During that time, about 30 million people were able to stay in America through nonimmigrant admissions. The fastest growing nonimmigrant admissions fall under categories where a foreigner first applies as a temporary foreign worker or student. He then tries to find a US sponsor to able to obtain the immigrant visa. Between 1992 and 1998, the number of foreign students admitted into the country with F1 visas rose from 53% to 565,00. The number of trainers and temporary workers also increased from 128% to 372,000 during that period of time (OECD 35).
Friday, September 13, 2019
Foreign Policy of United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Foreign Policy of United States - Essay Example During this time, among other things was the settling of the West and the Indian Wars. The United States signed the Treaty of Guadalupe de Hidalgo in 1848 which gave the Southwestern lands to the United States. This began the migration west and the Indian Wars began. This time was marked by much sadness and death. Most of the western lands belonged to different Indian tribes. All of those tribes depended on their hunting grounds to survive. There was much to lose in the loss of their lands. Life would disappear as they knew it. As the white man continued to move into the area, with them came buffalo hunters and white ranchers. These people killed buffalo by the millions just to get their pelts and trampled the land. The people began to starve and there was no way to feed the women and children of the tribes. The government established treaties with most of the tribes giving them rations of food and clothing to allow pioneers to pass through their lands. Most of these pioneers came with the thoughts that the only good Indian is a dead Indian. The Indians land was taken from them and they continued to be forced onto to reservations that were on land that was mostly worthless. They could not hunt and the land would not support stock or farming. Even those that fought back like Sitting Bull and Red Cloud were eventually defeated. The Trail of Tears which was the removal of five Tribes from Southeast Oklahoma Cherokees were marched to a reservation. The march killed most of the old people and many of the women and children. It was a loss that the Cherokee and most of the white people of today will never let be forgotten but was only one example of the many cruelties that these People withstood. The Battle at Wounded Knee is another. In this case essentially a whole tribe was shot dead in camp. It is hard to see it as a Battle, as it seems it was pretty one sided. 1914-1919 Woodrow Wilson who was known as the President of the people was President at this time. He was the idealistic President and up until the time we entered World War I, the country was isolationist in values. Wilson changed many things in this country during that time. He believed that government should be for the common people and during his first term he helped farmers with the Federal Farm Loan Act and the Warehouse Act. The Farm Loan Act allowed low interest loans available to farmers and the Warehouse Act authorized them to have security loans on staple crops. Social welfare programs were started. Workman's compensation began to protect workers and the Child Labor Act began. The Child Labor Act only allowed products produced by children 14 or older to be sold. He followed that with the Adamson Act which only allowed children to work an 8 hour day. The Underwood Act established the first income tax and that was felled by the Federal Reserve Act. All of these things happened because of Wilson's idealist attitude (Ferrell, 2001). Unfortunately the idealistic attitude that helped the country so much also led to it entering World War I. Some say that Wilson had it in mind from the very beginning to enter the war and others say it was because of his pride (Hoover, 2009). We will probably never know the answer to that. Whatever
Thursday, September 12, 2019
Making Management Decsions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Making Management Decsions - Essay Example The company performance is similar to that of the other companies, but also affected by the environmental influences (Eberhard, Reiner & Herbert, 2005). The company has managed to acquire products that are marketable but needs financial assistance to foster a successful launching of the products. The efforts have been made in order to facilitate the acquisition of the required funds through the approach of the venture capital company. The company has been incurring the cost of construction that amounts to  £2 million in order to finance the construction of a pilot plant. If scrap value of the company is  £200,000, this is the amount that would be valued if the company were to decide the discontinuing of the pursuit of production of the products. This is a plan of investing an additional  £8 million in order to facilitate the continuation of the operation of the company. The factory is anticipated to be in function for a period of ten years with a production capacity of 150,000 liters of products every month. The company has decided to sell the product produce at a price of  £2 per liter for the detergent. This price of the product is based on the market research that is conducted in the industry (Olson, 2009). (b) A brief discussion of factors likely to influence the demand for an ‘environmentally-friendly’ product of this kind. Gather evidence from the experience of other similar companies (eg Ecocover etc). This should be no longer than 300 words. The rise in demand of the environmentally friendly products is attributed to the increase in the increased focus on the environmental issues. Various efforts that are focused on sustaining the environment have been implemented. The strategies have created the incentive of terms like offsetting and others like the carbon footprint. Numerous organizations are focusing on the efforts aimed at focusing on the adaption of the marketing strategies for the
Wednesday, September 11, 2019
Businesses value of information______Study case Assignment
Businesses value of information______Study case - Assignment Example Naturally, large companies such in the same caliber as Telstra have establishments around the world on various technologies i.e. cloud services, software development among other. The statutes and charters in these industries do not distinguish the variations in such technologies. This advocates for the frequent lawsuits between companies and transnational organizations. Moreover, the patent laws in the industry emphasis on flexibility due to the vast growth and development of new technologies (Lamb, 2012). Competition is always a significant element in all industries but in telecommunication and computer technology production, sharing ideas on areas such as graphic user interface and operating systems is not a major issue because novelty and innovation are the key determinants of success in such an industry. Relatively, the flexibility aspect of the patent laws and system in general only give protection on a neutral perspective hence making it easy for lawsuits in difficult situations. Relatively, Telstra should assume the role on the global platform coming up with a way to offer customers a hosted ERP system on cloud without abusing the different regulation s and legal patents. This will reduce the possibility of lawsuits, which might negatively affect Telstra’s trust by the consumers. Given Telstra is an already established company in telecommunications and media, the main significance relative to its current aim of provision of information technology services is a Geographic Information System (GIS). Geographical information systems have become predominant in many organizations in the course of improving their effectiveness, especially for companies thriving in different but related markets. GIS describes computer-based systems specially designed in order to assist in the capturing, storing, manipulating, analyzing, as well as management and presentation of different kinds of spatial
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