Monday, September 30, 2019
Influence of Information systems Essay
This research investigates the influence of Information system at Human Resource and what are their impacts on organizational performance. Organizations are moving faster towards the Information Technology and adapt more and more advancements of Information Technologies. In today’s context none of the organization can survive without Information technology. Every organization has developed or either purchased information systems to support their business functionalities in order to face the competitive advantages. Most of the organizations are investing on Information Systems, thinking that it would help to increase the performance of their organization. Will the Information system can alone increase the performance of the organization? What impact has this on Human Resource of the Organization? These are questions that today’s Organization having today. Even though the Organizations is implemented the advance information system purchased or developed in-house supports â€Å"Without a doubt, advancement in technology has had a huge impact on organizations across the globe over the last few decades. It has impacted a range of sectors of the economy on diverse levels chiefly in the financial, educational entertainment, direct sales retailing, and healthcare and information sectors. By and large, its impact is evident on any activity that relies heavily on communication and information flow, lowering the cost of communication†– Child (2009). With the rapid development of the technology, advancement of the information systems should be upgraded. Is the advancement of technology applied or used by the organization is another question. Will these information system satisfied users requirements or are they being underutilized should be the major concern. How far these information system supports and helpful to the internal employees should address thoroughly in order to learn how effective these technologies are using in the current situation. As many of the organization Commercial Credit and Finance PLC is looking forward to survive in the rapidly changing economic system while competing with other giants in the industry. IT is becoming the most vital role for the organization and its a must reason to have a good Information System which will have pos itive impact towards its human resource. IT alone cannot drive a business a success. Human Resource is also equally important as IS in gaining competitive advantage. Employees expecting to grow team work, quality of their work and fulfillment of the life for a better establishment in the work place. â€Å"Shifting demographic patterns, the pace of technological change, and the path of economic globalization  will evolve over the next 10-15 years. Then, they consider the implications of these trends for key aspects of the future workforce and workplace, including the size, composition, and skills of the workforce; the nature of work and workplace arrangements; and worker compensation†– Lynn Karoly and Constantijn Panis (2004) According to the Central Bank of Sri Lanka Annual report of 2012 (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2013), there are sixty non-banking finance companies operating in a fiercely competitive environment. All these companies are working on a 646 billion rupee cumulative asset base that is left behind by the government and private Banks. This highly competitive environment has brought about a sense of dynamism to the industry where organizations such as the one being assessed are either perpetrators or victims of replication or imitation. In this sense firms must constantly renew their products, skills and capabilities. Instead of doing this in a haphazard manner resulting in being a follower it is important for firms in such a competitive arena to look at innovation and the capabilities it requires in a structured way that would earn its due rents. In this age of portability and technology driven market place, these financial organizations depend heavily on their shared information technology departments to deliver value through pointing in the right direction. On the other end is an IT department that is more inclined to do the daily firefighting and has exhausted its resources by simply sticking to day to day activities. There is a standoff between senior management trying to make sense of IT investments in the form of new innovations to help keep up with its competitors and the information technology departments who don’t see themselves as drivers of innovation but back office functions. The research site concerned has seen tremendous growth and success in the industry within the past thr ee years with a net profit rise of fifteen fold (Commercial Credit & Finance PLC, 2013). Unfortunately in keeping with this momentum the firm has faced its share of difficulties with IT related innovations where budget overruns and high time to market has severely affected the firm’s performance in some aspects. Research Objectives 1. To identify how effective the firm is in using information system 2. To identify how information systems affects firms performance 3. Explore the impact of the information systems on human resource of the company 4. To identify impact of human resource for Organization Performance
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Steady State Theory and Pulsating Theory
In cosmology, the Steady State theory (also known as the Infinite Universe theory or continuous creation) is a model developed in 1948 by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, Hermann Bondi and others as an alternative to the Big Bang theory (known, usually, as the standard cosmological model). In steady state views, new matter is continuously created as the universe expands, so that the perfect cosmological principle is adhered to.Theoretical calculations showed that a static universe was impossible under general relativity, and observations by Edwin Hubble had shown that the universe was expanding. The steady state theory asserts that although the universe is expanding, it nevertheless does not change its appearance over time (the perfect cosmological principle); it has no beginning and no end. The theory requires that new matter must be continuously created (mostly as hydrogen) to keep the average density of matter equal over time.The amount required is low and not directly detectable: roughly one solar mass of baryons per cubic megaparsec per year or roughly one hydrogen atom per cubic meter per billion years, with roughly five times as much dark matter. Such a creation rate, however, would cause observable effects on cosmological scales. Dust-Cloud Theory. Between 1940 and 1955 the German astronomer Carl f. von Weizsaccker, the Dutch-American astronomer Gerald P. Kuiper and the U. S. chemist Harold C.Urey worked out a theory that attempted to account for all the characteristics of the solar system that need to be explained. According to their dust-cloud theory, the solar system was formed from a slowly rotating cloud of dust and gas that contracted and started to rotate faster in its outer parts, where eddies formed. These eddies were small near the center of the cloud and larger at greater distances from the center. The distances corresponded more or less to the Titius-Bode relation.As the clouds cooled, materials coagulated near the edges of the eddies and eventually formed planets and asteroids, all moving in the same direction. The slowly rotating central part of the cloud condensed and formed the sun, and the sun's central temperature rose as gravity further compressed the material. When nuclear reactions eventually began in the suns interior, about 5 billion years ago, much of the nearby gas was blown away by the pressure of the sun's emitted light.Nevertheless the earthy retained an atmosphere consisting of methane, ammonia, carbon monoxide, water vapor, and nitrogen, with perhaps some hydrogen. In this primitive atmosphere and in the seas below it, organic compounds were formed that eventually resulted in living organisms. The organisms evolved in the next 2 billion years into higher plants and animals, and photosynthesis by plants and the weathering of rock produced the oxygen in the earth's atmosphere.Although free gases near the sun were blown outward 4 to 5 billion years ago, according to the dust-cloud theory, the giant planets were too distant to be much affected. They are large, therefore, and contain a great amount of hydrogen. The comets, in turn, are thought to be the outer part of the primordial nebula, left behind as the inner part condensed to form the sun and the planets. The Dutch astronomer J. H. Oort speculated that this material condensed into chunks that continue to move along with the sun through space.Now and then a chunk is perturbed and falls slowly toward the sun. As it is heated by sunlight, it grows a coma and tail. The dust-cloud theory thus explains the solar system characteristics listed above. It is most weak in detailing the process whereby the planets and asteroids formed from solids that made up only a small percent of the primordial nebula. However, this is essentially a chemical problem, strongly dependent on the sequence or timing of events such as eddy formation, temperature changes, and the start of solar luminosity. Pulsating Theory: According to this theory, the universe is su pposed to be expanding and contracting alternately i. e. pulsating. At present, the universe is Expanding. According to pulsating theory, it is possible that at a certain time, the expansion of the universe may be stopped by the gravitational pull and the may contract again. After it has been contracted to a certain size, explosion again occurs and the universe will start expanding. The alternate expansion and contraction of the universe give rise to pulsating universe.
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Accounting Theory Of Mavis Ltd
Allocated fixed overhead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 8.00 Total unit of subassembly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30.00 8.Why is the distinction between relevant and non-relevant costs so important for Decision making in Cost and Management Accounting?       9.Equipment to be used in producing the order has a book value of $2,000. The equipment has no other use for Lansing Company. If the order is not accepted, the equipment will be sold for $1,500. If the equipment is used in producing the order, it can be sold in three months for $800. 10.If the special order is accepted, the operations will require some of the storage space in the company’s plant. If the space is used for this purpose, the company will rent storage space temporarily in a nearby warehouse at a cost of $18,000. The building depreciation allocated to the storage space to be used in producing the special order is $12,000. (1.5 marks) 11.If the special order is accepted, it will require a Subassembly. Lansing Camera can purchase the subassembly for $24.00 per unit from an outside supplier or make it for $30.00 per unit. The 330.00 per unit was determined as follows: Allocated fixed overhead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 8.00 Total unit of subassembly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30.00 12.Why is the distinction between relevant and non-relevant costs so important for decision making in Cost and Management Accounting? 13.Equipment to be used in producing the order has a book value of $2,000. The equipment has no other use for Lansing Company. If the order is not accepted, the equipment will be sold for $1,500. If the equipment is used in producing the order, it can be sold in three months for $800. 14.If the special order is accepted, the operations will require some of the Storage Space in the Company’s plant. If the space is used for this purpose, the Company will rent storage space temporarily in a nearby warehouse at a cost of $18,000. The building depreciation allocated to the storage space to be used in producing the special order is $12,000. 15.If the special order is accepted, it will require a subassembly. Lansing Camera can purchase the subassembly for $24.00 per unit from an outside supplier or make it for $30.00 per unit. The 330.00 per unit was determined as follows: Allocated fixed overhead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..... 8.00 Total unit of subassembly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 30.00                                           16.Why is the distinction between relevant and non-relevant Costs so important for decision making in cost and Management Accounting? 1.Computation of budgeted factory overhead rate for Department Alpha. Budgeted Factory Overhead Rate ($225,000/$180,000)  2.Computation of budgeted factory overhead rate for Department Bet Budgeted Factory Overhead Rate ($180,000/40,000) The total overhead cost of Job 100 is Rs. 78,250/- WN-1: Calculation of factory overhead: 4.It is possible to have different overhead allocation rates. The possible reasons for using different allocation rate by Mavis Ltd. could be to split overhead costs in most appropriate and justifiable manner by using different cost pools. As this approach results in more fine-tuned allocations and costing. As in the above case, department alpha is using direct labour cost for allocation of factory overhead because it could be a labour intensive department and most of the tasks are done by labour. So, using labour cost as allocation rate is more appropriate. Whereas, the department beta could be machine intensive department, an The relevance of each of the following items in computation of the costs of the special order is as follows: 5.The book value of equipment to be used in producing the order of $2,000 is a sunk cost and therefore it is irrelevant for the decision. The relevant cost of the equipment is $ 700, i.e. $1,500 (sale value of equipment now, if the order is not accepted) Less $800 (sale value of equipment after 3 months, after producing the equipment). 6.The $12,000 building depreciation allocated to the storage space to be used in producing the special order is irrelevant that means the company will going to incur it irrespective of the fact whether the special order is accepted or not. So, it is a sunk cost. Further, the relevant cost is $18,000 which the company is going to incur only for the special order, if accepted. 7.The purchasing cost of subassembly is $24 per unit whereas if the company made it in house it will cost $22 calculated as below: Allocated fixed overhead of $8 is irrelevant for the special order as the company will incur this overhead irrespective of the fact whether the special order is accepted or not. So, from above it is clear that, the company should make the subassembly instead of purchasing it from outside. 8.The distinction between relevant and non-relevant costs is determined to ascertain the profitability of different alternatives available with the management. There are some costs which remain the same irrespective of the alternative chosen, these costs are irrelevant costs and hence are ignored while decision making, while the costs which changes or have impact on alternative chosen are treated as relevant costs. For ex, for the decision of making a particular product in house or purchasing it from outside, there may be come costs which the company has to incur in both the alternatives, is treated as irrelevant costs. 9.Calculation of Unit Contribution Margin Unit Contribution Margin            =            Sales – Variable Cost                                                                =            $5,595 – $899-$233                                                                =            $4,463 10.Calculation of breakeven point in units Breakeven Point                              =            Fixed Cost / Unit contribution Margin                                                                =            $2,352,000/$4,463                                                                =            527 units Calculation of breakeven point in dollars Breakeven Point                              =            Fixed Cost / Unit Contribution Margin * Sales Price                                                                =            $2,352,000/$4,463 * $5,595 11.Desired level of sales if the company plans to increase fixed costs by 5 percent and achieve a desired before-tax profit of $200,000 is 598 units amounting to $3,345,810 calculated as follows: Current Fixed costs                                                        =            $2,352,000 Proposed Fixed Costs (2,352,000*105%)                               =            $2,469,600 Desired Profit                                                                   =            $ 200,000 Total Contribution Margin                                           =            $2,669,600 Units to be sold (2,669,600/4,463)                           =            598 Sales value (598*5,595)                                                =            $3,345,810 12.If the company’s income tax rate is 22 per cent, then 570 units (Sales value 3,189,649) are required to be sold to achieve an after-tax profit of $150,000. Managers uses break even analysis to determine the point of sales or the number of units required to be sold to recover all the costs incurred, meaning thereby to determine the level of sales where the company is having no profit or no loss. Thus, it also helps management in decision making. 13.Calculation of Contribution margin per unit of service Charges per night           =            $50 Variable expense            =            $20 Contribution                     =            $30 14.Calculation of Contribution-margin ratio Contribution Margin Ratio          =            contribution margin / sales                                                                =            $30/$50                                                                =            60% 15.Calculation of annual break-even point in units of service and in dollars of service revenue Annual break-even point in units ($42,000/$30) Annual break-even point in dollars of service revenue ($42,000/60%)
Friday, September 27, 2019
Art from major museum from the collection of 19th, 20th or 21st Essay
Art from major museum from the collection of 19th, 20th or 21st centuries - Essay Example In accordance to the rising demands for visual arts, art-enthusiasts established the first national museum on the year 1793 in Paris which they named Louvre. This famed art museum placed for the first time in France a haven for the arts that were previously and exclusively owned by the aristocracy; it showcased these fabulous arts to individuals of all walks of life. Furthermore, due to the aforementioned significant revolutions, art movements developed in a rapid scale which was largely characterized by â€Å"isms†: Impressionism, Realism, Fauvism, and so on. These movements duly represented societies that were freshly liberalized from the stronghold of the Church. France was the pinnacle of success for every artist in the 19th century. Annually, a Salon was held wherein exceptional artists had the grand opportunity to display their magnum opus to public scrutiny. However, a fortuitous incident happened in 1863 which gave birth to one of the most influential movements in the period, the Impressionism. A Salon jury declined huge numbers of submitted works of art which angered the artists and prompted them to create another exhibition which they called the â€Å"Salon des Refuses†. Spearheading this movement was Edouard Manet who notoriously displayed his â€Å"impressionistic†paintings such as the celebrated Luncheon on the Grass. However, the term Impressionism came from Claude Monet’s, who was another famous artist of the movement, Impression: Sunrise. The Impressionist movement is also referred to as optical realism by some artists because of its scientific and modern themes in the genuine visual familiarity and its acc ent on illumination and movement on the overall faà §ade of entities; one of the utmost exemplars of impressionism is Edouard Manet’s controversial painting. Edouard Manet’s Luncheon on the Grass stirred much controversy because of the paintings
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Obesity and its effect on Insurers and Insurance costs Research Paper
Obesity and its effect on Insurers and Insurance costs - Research Paper Example It was also interesting to note that 4 of them were men while the rest were women. My observation of the obese persons pointed to the reality of the epidemic. Whereas more Americans stand to be obese, this condition has a negative impact on their health, social wellbeing, work, and on their insurance costs. In the United States, researchers have found out that obesity is associated with an array of health complication such as depression. Strine et al. carried out a study of obese persons and they found out that people who have obesity are more likely to be depressed as compared to those who drink of smoke (p. 127). This research pointed to the fact that obesity creates a favorable environment where obese individuals are predisposed to other diseases. As a result of this finding, it is correct to postulate that many Americans are likely to have depression as majorities have a body mass index of 30 and above. Prevalence of obesity can cause cancer in individuals. Research on the prevalence of cancer indicates that a significant number of people with cancer are obese (Berger 129). According to Berger, research reveals that there is a strong correlation between obesity and a number of malignancies such as cancer of the breast (p. 129). Given these findings, there is no doubt that obesity in the United States can pave way for variants of cancer in individuals. This impact is extensive and can affect all age groups because obesity spans a across all the age structures. Obesity can also cause diabetes, especially the type II diabetes. Tsai, Asch and Wadden argued that obesity is strong determination of type II diabetes in children and adults (p. 1651). The study trio carried out a research where they found out that obesity increased body resistance to insulin. This condition was prevalent in adults and children as well. From this research, there seem to be a relation between obesity and
Religion is the Cause of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1
Religion is the Cause of War - Essay Example Basic human nature has proven over the course of the past centuries that humans ultimately seek to be defined based upon what they are, what they are not, and how they view themselves as well is how others view them. Many times this level of distinction was defined on terms of geographical origin, ethnicity, race, gender, language, or another means of separating and defining people (Eberle, 2012). However, arguably one of the most important means by which individuals from a variety of different locations, races, languages, and/or ethnicities can be divided is with regards to the division that religion so often provides. More powerful than the determinants which have already been listed, religion divides people based upon a nebulous belief system. Due to the fact that personal belief is almost invariably tied to worldview in the way that the individual perceives their surroundings and the reality in which they live, the reader can come to a basic understanding and realization for why such a multitude of many different religions, schisms, and splinter groups exist within the current paradigm. Accordingly, rather than stating that religion is the root cause of all global conflict, it will be the understanding that this analysis will point towards and defined that religion is one of the primal motivators for both current and past conflict. Due to the powerful way in which religion unites a wide variety of individuals from different walks of life, races, ethnicities, languages, and geographical origin, it represents one of the more dangerous aspects of the means by which individuals to find themselves and â€Å"the other†. One does not need to look very hard in order to identify some of the ways in which religion of the past has helps to motivate individuals to commit heinous atrocities. For instance, even a cursory review of tissue of the Abrahamic faiths, Judaism and Islam, illustrates a number of instances recorded in their respective holy books in which t he followers of these religions were encouraged to commit unspeakable atrocities upon heathens/nonbelievers/infidels or any other such group that their supposed deity commanded that they destroy. Although opponents to such an understanding of religion would merely point to the fact that this occurred many thousands of years ago and cannot be understood as representative of current faith and the means by which war is waged, one need look no further than the situations around the globe represented within the following: the Bosnia conflict, the war in East Timor, the war ensued on, repression of minority religious groups in countries as diverse as Iran, Egypt, Mali, Burma, India, Armenia, as well as a host of others (Eberle, 2012). Ultimately, although religion can be a powerful force for good in the world, the fact of the matter is that it all too often is hijacked as a means of differentiating one people group from another, encouraging one form of strife directed at another, or merel y making one group or entity feel somehow superior to another (Henne, 2012). In such a way, religion can be seen as the ultimate division whereby elements of classism, racism, and a host of other judgments are included as a means of defining who is ultimately worthy of life and who is not. In such a way, it can easily be understood by the reader why religion has a powerful role in encouraging violence towards other groups and/or nations that can somehow be dehumanized by a given belief system. This has of course happened far to many times within the past as religion has been used, and still is used as a motivator to create something of a faceless enemy which can more readily be destroyed without questions of conscience.
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Discuss how Death of a Salesman comments on American society and Essay
Discuss how Death of a Salesman comments on American society and values - Essay Example In the story, we see Willy as a desperate man in terms of financial and family relationship success. He is constantly in argument with Biff and is always troubled by his inability to earn more money as compared to his brother Ben. Biff and Happy, at their thirties, are still unable to achieve financial success and are characterized by adolescent behavior. This is in contrast with their cousin, Bernard, who became a well- respected lawyer. Linda is depicted as a sympathetic wife who suppresses her disappointment with their family financial and relationship status. The story culminated in Willy's suicide. The story illustrates how deep-seated is the dream of financial success in American society. The pervading aspiration is to achieve financial success. Willy dreams of making more money like his brother. He still retains his belief that his sons are capable of such success too. However, the story also illustrates how failure to achieve such success can affect the psyche of a person. This is shown by Willy's suicide. His act is the mark of a failed man, but, more importantly, it shows the disparity between his aspirations and his actual achievements. From the story, one can see the implications of the concept of the American dream.
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